Nephrotic Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment Options

Nephrotic Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment Options

Expert Insights by Dr. Avinandan Banerjee

Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder characterized by excessive protein loss in urine, leading to swelling, high cholesterol, and an increased risk of infections. Dr. Avinandan Banerjee, a leading kidney specialist, explains its causes, symptoms, and available treatment options.

What Causes Nephrotic Syndrome?

Nephrotic syndrome occurs when the glomeruli, the tiny kidney filters, become damaged and allow too much protein to leak into the urine.

Primary Causes (Kidney-Related):

• Minimal Change Disease (MCD): Common in children, often responds well to steroids.

• Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS): A progressive condition that can lead to kidney failure.

• Membranous Nephropathy: An immune-related disorder seen in adults.

Secondary Causes (Underlying Conditions):

• Diabetes (Diabetic Nephropathy) – A leading cause in adults.

• Lupus (Lupus Nephritis) – An autoimmune disease affecting the kidneys.

• Infections (Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, HIV) – Can trigger kidney damage.

• Medications (NSAIDs, Antibiotics) – Long-term use can harm kidney function.

Symptoms of Nephrotic Syndrome

According to Dr. Avinandan Banerjee, common signs include:
✅ Severe swelling (edema): Mainly in the legs, feet, and around the eyes.
✅ Foamy urine: Due to excess protein loss.
✅ Weight gain: Resulting from fluid retention.
✅ Fatigue & weakness: Caused by low protein levels.
✅ High cholesterol levels: Due to abnormal fat metabolism.
✅ Increased infection risk: As protective proteins are lost.

Diagnosis of Nephrotic Syndrome

To confirm the condition, doctors may recommend:
✔ Urine Test: Detects protein levels.
✔ Blood Test: Measures kidney function and cholesterol.
✔ Kidney Biopsy: Identifies the exact cause of kidney damage.

Treatment Options for Nephrotic Syndrome

1. Medications

• Steroids (Prednisolone): Effective for Minimal Change Disease.

• Immunosuppressants: Help in autoimmune-related cases.

• ACE Inhibitors & ARBs: Reduce protein loss and control blood pressure.

• Diuretics: Help reduce swelling.

• Statins: Lower cholesterol levels.

• Antibiotics & Vaccines: Prevent infections.

2. Diet & Lifestyle Changes

• Low-salt diet to control swelling.

• Moderate protein intake to avoid kidney stress.

• Limit saturated fats & cholesterol to prevent heart disease.

• Stay hydrated and avoid alcohol & smoking.

3. Long-Term Monitoring

Since nephrotic syndrome can recur, regular kidney function tests, blood pressure monitoring, and follow-ups with a nephrologist like Dr. Avinandan Banerjee are essential.

Final Thoughts

Nephrotic syndrome can be managed with timely diagnosis, medications, and lifestyle changes. If you experience persistent swelling, foamy urine, or unexplained weight gain, consult Dr. Avinandan Banerjee for expert guidance.

For appointments and personalized kidney care, reach out today!